| Ruby (Bundler) |
~> 1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 1.3.0 |
Only patch updates allowed |
|
~> 1.2 |
>= 1.2.0 and < 2.0.0 |
Minor & patch updates allowed |
|
~> 0.2.3 |
>= 0.2.3 and < 0.3.0 |
In pre-1.0, minor is treated as breaking |
| Node.js (npm/yarn) |
~1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 1.3.0 |
Similar to Ruby’s ~> |
|
^1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 2.0.0 |
Allows minor & patch updates (more open than ~>) |
|
^0.2.3 |
>= 0.2.3 and < 0.3.0 |
Special rule for 0.x versions |
| Python (pip) |
~= 1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 1.3.0 |
Introduced in PEP 440 |
| PHP (Composer) |
~1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 1.3.0 |
Pessimistic constraint like Ruby |
| Elixir (Mix) |
~> 1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 1.3.0 |
Same semantics as Ruby |
| Rust (Cargo) |
^1.2.3 |
>= 1.2.3 and < 2.0.0 |
Follows SemVer, major version fixed |
| Go (go.mod) |
>= 1.2.3 |
No pessimistic operator |
Uses minimal version selection |